📑 Paper 2: Physical and Organic Chemistry
⏰Duration: 1 hour 30 minutes
🏆Marks: 80 marks (50% of total grade)
📌Content: includes physical chemistry and organic chemistry as well as practical skills.
Physical Chemistry topic and content includes:
Amount of substance - moles, molar mass, empirical and molecular formulae, reacting masses, ideal gas equation
Bonding - ionic, covalent and metallic bonding, bond polarity and intermolecular forces, shapes of molecules (including bond angles)
Energetics - exothermic and endothermic reactions, enthalpy changes, bond enthalpies and energy cycles
Kinetics - collision theory, factors affecting rate, rate graphs, catalysts
Chemical equilibria (Le Chatelier’s principle) - dynamic equilibrium, effects of changing concentration, temperature and pressure
Organic Chemistry topic and content includes:
Introduction to Organic Chemistry - homologous series, functional groups, structural, displayed and skeletal formulae
Alkanes - fractional distillation, combustion, free-radical substitution
Alkenes - addition reactions, tests for unsaturation, polymers (addition polymers)
Halogenoalkanes - nucleophilic substitution, elimination reactions, comparing reactivity
Alcohols - oxidation reactions, dehydration, substitution reactions
Organic analysis - infrared (IR) spectroscopy, identifying functional groups
🧪 Practical skills (Paper 2)
Just like Paper 1, practical knowledge is assessed through:
Experimental methods
Data interpretation
Evaluating procedures
Safety considerations
Multiple-choice questions - majority found in section B
Calculations - often set in organic or practical contexts
Reaction and pathway questions - where you complete equations, name products or identify reagents and conditions
Mechanism questions - requiring accurate curly arrows, charges and lone pairs
Application questions - where chemistry is set in unfamiliar situations to test understanding rather than memory
Practical and data analysis questions - just like in Paper 1